Who is considered the perpetrator in the scenario involving Bella and Sonya?

In situations where child abuse is considered, the perpetrator is defined as an individual who is responsible for causing harm or placing a child at risk of harm. In the scenario involving Bella and Sonya, if both individuals are involved in actions that constitute abuse—whether through direct harm or failing to protect the child from harm—then they can both be seen as perpetrators.

This holistic view acknowledges that abusive dynamics can involve multiple parties and that responsibility can be shared. When analyzing cases of child abuse, it’s crucial to consider not just direct abuse but also neglect and complicity in the abusive environment, which can lead to the conclusion that both Bella and Sonya are responsible. This emphasizes the importance of understanding all factors and individuals involved in a child's welfare situation.

Other options would suggest that only one person bears the responsibility, overlooking the complexity of many abusive scenarios where multiple people may contribute to the harm experienced by the child. Recognizing both Bella and Sonya as perpetrators provides a more accurate reflection of the situation's dynamics and the requirement for appropriate intervention.